Dulcimers Dulcimer & Santoor
Description of the Dulcimer
Dulcimers are a form of board zither that originated in the Middle
East. They probably arrived in Europe in the 11th century. It was
actually the Europeans who introduced the dulcimers to the Far East
in the early 19th century. With slight variations, dulcimers have
been found around the globe. They can be plucked or played with hammers.
Hammers come in a wide variety of shapes and construction. They may
be simple wood, or wrapped with material, some have finger notches
and some are straight.
Mountain Dulcimer
The Mountain Dulcimer is hourglass in shape and more
closely resembles the zither than the other styles of dulcimer. Mounted
along the hourglass shaped soundboard is the fretted neck. The soundboard
terminates at the Peg Box. The single, non-course, strings can be
noted on the neck while the strings are strummed or plucked.
American Hammered Dulcimer
The American Hammered Dulcimer is usually played on a
stand or table. It is trapezoidal is shape. There are two moveable bridges.
The Strings run in courses over these bridges between the non-parallel
sides. A course is composed of consecutive strings, tuned to the same
note. The courses alternate over the left bridge than the right and back
and forth. In this way each course of strings provides two tones, one
to each side of the bridge. Also, by alternating courses over two bridges
four playing surfaces are available, though usually only three are used.
The American Hammer Dulcimer has two strings per course. It may be picked,
plucked, or played with a bow, quill or hammer.
Persian Hammered Dulcimer
The Persian Hammered Dulcimer is smaller than the American Hammer Dulcimer
yet still wider than the Santoor. It is trapezoidal in shape. The left
courses are steel and the right courses are brass. They alternate over
movable bridges. It has individual movable bridges for each course. It
may be picked, plucked, or played with a bow, quill or hammer.
Indian Santoor
The Indian Santoor is trapezoidal in shape. It is not as wide as the
Persian Hammer Dulcimer or the American Hammer Dulcimer. The strings run
between the non-parallel sides in courses over individual movable bridges.
A course is composed of consecutive strings, tuned to the same note. The
courses alternate over the left bridge then the right and back and forth.
In this way each course of strings provides two tones, one to each side
of the bridge. Also, by alternating courses over two bridges four playing
surfaces are available, though usually only three are used. These playing
surfaces are struck or stroked with light wooden hammers.